Canine filariasis, also known as heartworm disease, is a serious and potentially fatal disease that affects dogs worldwide. It is caused by a parasitic worm called Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Here’s a closer look at how canine filariasis is transmitted:
- Mosquitoes: Mosquitoes are the primary carrier of the Dirofilaria immitis parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a dog, it transfers the parasite into the dog’s bloodstream.
- Larvae development: Once inside the dog’s bloodstream, the larvae of the parasite migrate to the heart and lungs, where they mature into adult worms. This process takes about 6-7 months.
- Spread: Adult worms can grow up to a foot long and can cause serious damage to the heart and lungs, potentially leading to heart failure and death. These adult worms can also produce microfilariae, which are tiny larvae that circulate in the dog’s bloodstream and can be picked up by mosquitoes, continuing the transmission cycle.
- Risk factors: All dogs are at risk for canine filariasis, but those living in warm, humid climates where mosquitoes are prevalent are particularly vulnerable. Additionally, dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors or have exposure to untreated water sources are at higher risk.
- Prevention: The best way to prevent canine filariasis is through regular testing and preventative medication. Dogs should be tested for heartworms annually and started on preventative medication if they test negative. Preventative medications are available in a variety of forms, including monthly pills, injections, and topical treatments.
By understanding how canine filariasis is transmitted, dog owners can take steps to protect their pets from this serious disease. Regular testing and preventative medication can help keep dogs healthy and happy for years to come.